PLC编程的小技巧

haoayou · 发表于 2024-7-10 18:16:53

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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）选择合适的PLC型号及I/O点数，有特殊功能需求时选择特殊功能模块。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）熟悉所选择的PLC编程指令及编译软件。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）进行软元件规划，包括内部继电器、保持继电器、<a class="wx_search_keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: var(--weui-LINK); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">数据寄存器</a>、定时器、计数器等。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（4）进行程序规划，一般以故障提取、故障处理、手动处理、自动处理、输出处理这样的顺序进行编程。比较大型的工程或设备按功能单元分段、分块进行处理，如一条自动化生产线中有提升机、移行、顶起旋转装置等，则应按上述单元分段分块编程。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="https://technology.invt.com.cn/upload/image/20231103/1698971281425014.jpg" alt="1.jpg" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap;"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（5）在分段分块编写的程序前应加上简短的段注释，说明此段程序的功能，如有必要可以注明相应的工艺流程。分块或分段的程序再总体程序的位置顺序应基本上按工艺流程顺序排列，便于程序的可读性。 <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（6）在程序设计之前，应对设备进行抽象，对如停止、急停、过载、超限、超时、安全光幕、碰停、门开关等共用因子进行提取，放在启动回路或启动主控、连锁回路，作为整个程序结构的大前提，在此基础下，再将程序分为自动、手动两大功能区。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（7）将程序结构手动功能区共用因子，如手动、危及设备人身安全等因数因子进行提取，放在手动主控、连锁回路，对手动控制进行保护、屏蔽、报警。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（8）将程序结构自动功能区共用因子，如自动、超限、超时等因数因子进行提取，放在自动主控、连锁回路，对自动控制下设备进行保护、屏蔽、报警。一个总的原则就是，在确保安全的前提下，严格限制设备的进，宽松限制设备的出。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（9）程序设计时应设计程序总复位功能，便于使用者在设备出现故障情况下，可以方便尽快恢复设备正常工作。总复位应充分考虑在复位过程中设备和人员的安全。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（10）自动模式切换到手动模式时，程序应清除自动模式下的输出和中间状态。特别是在自动模式使用SET指令时，必须在手动模式用RESET指令予以清除。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（11）严禁在编制程序中使用双输出，即同一条输出语句或同一个输出线圈在程序中出现2次及以上。在不同模式条件下的对同一输出点的输出使用<a class="wx_search_keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: var(--weui-LINK); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">中间继电器</a>进行中转，最后集中到一起并列到输出点。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（12）使用触摸屏时，对触摸屏和PLC公用的控制区和状态区，不得做其他功能方面的编程使用。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（13）对PLC的特殊模块，在使用之前，应先查明其控制区和状态区是否占用工作字，若占用，不得将这些工作字做其他方面的编程。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（14）PLC的输入、输出、中间继电器、定时器、计数器、数据寄存器等都要加中文注释。输入、输出还要有元器件名称位号。对应的输入点，一般情况下默认为外围开关连接的是NO触点，对于需要接NC触点的须在注释中标明。所有注释应当清晰明了，不易产生误解，尽量少使用泛指。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（15）工程调试完成后，系统必须保留最终软件程序，保存的文件名应包含项目编号/作者/日期信息/版本号等。 <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（16）关于程序加密：对于加密程序的密码必须有专门的文件予以保存，并注明相应的用户名+密码+权限，分发给至少两个人以上了解密码，防止密码丢失带来无法打开程序的情况。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（17）PLC和<a class="wx_search_keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: var(--weui-LINK); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">上位机</a>(或触摸屏)组成监控系统时,在画面上很多时候需要有“手动”、“自动”等控制模式(一般都是多个只能一个时)。在程序里面可以用“MOV”指令。如:当选择“手动”就将常数1 MOV到一个寄存器VB10里面,当选择“自动”就将2 MOV到同一寄存器VB10。只要判断寄存器的数据是多少，就知道系统是那种控制方式。这样的思路好处是容易理解，不需要互锁之类的麻烦程序。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（18）程序有模拟量控制时，如果读取的模拟量基本上没误差，可以采取时间滤波的方式，延时一段时间。如果读取的数据误差很大，就需要采取其它的滤波方式，如算平均值等。可以查阅相关的资料。 <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（19）在程序调试过程中(特别是设备改造时，你的程序是加入到原来设备的程序中时)，当程序语句中出现条件满足，而输出线圈不接通时，可以检查你的这段程序是否是在这样的语句之间,如JUMP\go to\等语句。还有一种可能就是在中断程序之后，条件满足而没输出不接通，一般都是这段的程序不被扫描。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（20）在顺序控制程序时，即一个动作完成后，进入到下一个动作，等类似的顺序控制，采用+10+10控制模式，本人觉得很方便。其思路是:预置一个寄存器，在初始化时值为0,当系统启动后，对它+10，此时寄存器为10，寄存器等于10时可以做第一个动作；第一个动作完成后，再对寄存器+10，此时寄存器等于20，可以做第二个动作，第二个动作完成后又+10，此时寄存器等于30，这样只要判断寄存器里面数据为多少，就知道要完成那个动作。当需要跳跃动作时，可以不再+10，可以加+20\+30....，看实际的需要而定。为什么加10而不是加1，因为加10之后，如果插入一段，只要在这10个空余的地方随便选择一个位置就可以了。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（21）在设计程序的时候，当出现工艺上的故障(非控制系统控制)，最好将故障现象保持，并有灯光声音报警。直到操作工复位，以让其知道系统出现了故障。不然停机了，别人还认为你的程序问题。一般都是在设计一个新系统时，要注意到这些。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（22）对于经常调用的子程序，可以做成子模块，频繁调用。 <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="/upload/image/20231103/1698971304189086.jpg" alt="ax-1.jpg"/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（23）由于生产机械在工作循环中的各工步运动在执行时需要一定的时间，且这些时间都有一定的限度，因此可以以这些时间为参考，在要检测的工步动作开始的同时，起动一个定时器，定时器的时间设定值比正常情况下该动作要持续的时间长20％～30％，而定时器的输出信号可以用于报警或自动停机装置。当生产机械某工步动作的时间超过规定时间，达到对应的定时器预置时间，还未转入下一工步动作时定时器发出故障信号，该信号停止正常工作循环程序，起动报警或停机程序，这就是我们常说的超节拍保护。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（24）一些安全用检测开关（如急停按钮、安全光幕、极限开关等）实用常闭(NC)输入。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（25）为安全、节能考虑，尽量将输出设计成需要动作时才动作，一旦到位就停止输出，而不要设计成平时一直输出，需要停止时才让输出断开。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（26）执行元件的动作原则应当是宁可不动，也不要乱动！<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（27）单台设备控制：单台设备必须有软手操/自动切换以及软手操时可以启/停功能，由自动切换到软手操时，设备不能停机；由软手操切换到自动时，设备启/停取决于自动程序。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（28）单台设备（泵、风机及其它大型设备）运行满24小时。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img src="/upload/image/20231103/1698971323680290.jpg" alt="2023-08-01-03.jpg"/>

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