有色行业-铜冶炼工艺

<p><strong><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">三种冶炼工艺</span></strong></p><p><strong><em><span style=";font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;;color:#FF3300"></span></em></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体">1</span><span style=";font-family:宋体">、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体">火法工艺（选矿</span>-</strong><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">熔炼</span>-</strong><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">精炼工艺）</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体">：传统炼铜工艺，适合处理硫化矿，占矿铜产量的</span>75%~80%</p><p>2<span style="font-family:宋体">、<strong>湿法工艺（浸出</strong></span><strong>-</strong><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">萃取</span>-</strong><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">电积）</span></strong> <span style="font-family:宋体">：上世纪</span>70<span style="font-family:宋体">年代中期后兴起，适合处理氧化矿和次生硫化矿，还用于处理浮选尾矿、废矿、旧矿和断裂的矿体；硫化矿采用细菌浸出。占矿铜产量的</span>25%</p><p>3<span style="font-family:宋体">、<strong>再生铜</strong>：</span>1/3<span style="font-family:宋体">熔炼</span>-<span style="font-family:宋体">精炼，</span>2/3<span style="font-family:宋体">直接生产铜产品。不同的原料采用不同的熔炼工艺</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">三种工艺比较</span></strong></p><p><strong>1</strong><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">、火法工艺：</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体">受到环境和成本的压力，传统工艺逐步为现代强化熔炼工艺所取代，生产规模不断扩大，成本优势明显，硫的捕集率超过</span>99%<span style="font-family:宋体">，改变了高能耗、高污染的形象</span></p><p><strong>2</strong><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">、湿法工艺：</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体">火法难以利用的铜原料，包括低品位废石的利用；尾矿处理；难选硫化矿；难熔矿；废弃的矿山；开采成本很高的深矿井；高杂质（</span>As<span style="font-family:宋体">、</span>Sb<span style="font-family:宋体">、</span>Bi<span style="font-family:宋体">）原料，多金属（</span>Ni<span style="font-family:宋体">、</span>Co<span style="font-family:宋体">、</span>Zn)<span style="font-family:宋体">原料。小规模生产的投资低，生产成本低成本低，不生产硫酸，无</span>SO2<span style="font-family:宋体">污染。操作简单，在矿山附近就近生产。贵金属回收困难，回收率不确定。处理黄铜矿精矿的湿法工艺还没有工业应用，存在技术障碍。</span></p><p><strong>3</strong><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">、再生铜：</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体">单位能耗为矿产铜的</span>20%<span style="font-family:宋体">，每利用</span>1<span style="font-family:宋体">吨废杂铜，可少开采矿石</span>130<span style="font-family:宋体">吨，少产生</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">吨</span>SO2 <span style="font-family:宋体">和</span>100<span style="font-family:宋体">多吨工业废渣，节约用水</span>535<span style="font-family:宋体">立方米</span></p><p><br/></p>