矢量控制与V/F控制详解

haoayou 发表于 2024-7-10 18:16:53

<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">一、矢量控制<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">1、矢量控制简介<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">矢量控制是一种电机的磁场定向控制方法:以异步电动机的矢量控制为例:它首先通过电机的等效电路来得出一些磁链方程，包括定子磁链，气隙磁链，转子磁链，其中气息磁链是连接定子和转子的.一般的感应电机转子电流不易测量，所以通过气息来中转，把它变成定子电流.然后，有一些坐标变换，首先通过3/2变换，变成静止的d-q坐标，然后通过前面的磁链方程产生的单位矢量来得到旋转坐标下的类似于直流机的转矩电流分量和磁场电流分量，这样就实现了<a href="https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=%E8%A7%A3%E8%80%A6&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020" target="_blank" class="hl hl-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 14px 0px 3px; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(252, 85, 49); overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 3px; background: url("../img/iconHighlight.svg") right top / 12px 14px no-repeat transparent; box-shadow: none;">解耦</a>控制，加快了系统的响应速度.最后再经过2/3变换，产生三相交流电去控制电机，这样就获得了良好的性能。<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">综合以上:矢量控制无非就四个知识:等效电路、磁链方程、转矩方程、坐标变换(包括静止和旋转)。矢量控制可以根据客户的需要微调电机，可以做伺服电机用。不是以电机效率为最高追求，而是以工程要求，时刻跟踪反馈控制。<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">2、矢量控制详解<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">矢量控制概念：矢量控制目的是设法将交流电机等效为直流电机，从而获得较高的调速性能。矢量控制方法就是将交流三相异步电机定子电流矢量分解为产生磁场的电流分量(励磁电流)和产生转矩的电流分量(转矩电流)分别加以控制，并同时控制两分量间的幅值和相位，这样即可等效于直流电机。矢量控制方式又有基于转差频率控制的矢量控制方式、无速度传感器矢量控制方式和有速度传感器的矢量控制方式等。<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;"><img alt="" src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL2ZpbGUuZWxlY2ZhbnMuY29tL3dlYjEvTTAwLzU4LzMzL280WUJBRnRXM3lpQUNpd3RBQUJKR0VhX1hLUTY5NC5qcGc?x-oss-process=image/format,png" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; border: 0px; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; cursor: zoom-in;"/><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">矢量控制特点：变频器矢量控制，按照是否需要转速反馈环节，一般分为无反馈矢量控制和有反馈矢量控制。<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">1）无反馈矢量控制。<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">无反馈矢量控制方式优点是：<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">a）、使用方便，用户不需要增加任何附加器件。<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">b）、机械特性较硬。机械特性由于V/F控制方式，且不会发生电机磁路饱和问题，调试方便（个人观点，请大家批评指正）缺点是：调速范围和动态响应能力不及有反馈控制方式；<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">2）有反馈矢量控制方式。<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">有反馈矢量控制方式的主要优点是：调速性能优于无反馈矢量控制方式及V/F控制。缺点：需要在电机上安装测速装置（大多为旋转编码器），电机变频改造比较麻烦，成本也高。<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">故有反馈矢量控制一般应用场合为：<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">a）、要求有较大调速范围的场合（如：具有铣、磨功能的龙门刨床）；<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">b）、对动态响应性能要求较高的场合；c）、对安全运行要求较高场合。<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;"><img alt="" src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL2ZpbGUuZWxlY2ZhbnMuY29tL3dlYjEvTTAwLzU4LzMzL280WUJBRnRXM3lpQVgzQkNBQUNRM3ZJVWxyYzYxMi5qcGc?x-oss-process=image/format,png" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; border: 0px; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; cursor: zoom-in;"/><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">矢量控制的适用范围：<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">a）、矢量控制只能用于一台变频器控制一台电机。当一台变频器控制多台电机时，矢量控制无效；<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">b）、电机容量与变频器要求配置的电机容量之间，最多只能相差一个档次。（如：变频器要求配置电机容量为7.5KW，那么实际电机最小容量为5.5KW，对于3.7kw电机就不行了）；<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">c）、电机磁极数一般以2、4、6极为宜，极数较多时建议查阅变频器说明书；<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">d）、力矩电机、深槽电机、双鼠笼电机等特殊电机不能用矢量控制功能。//（个人观点，请大家批评指正）<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">可以说，矢量控制算是现在交流电机的先进手段。压频控制，旨在维持电机恒定磁通，让电机保持较高的效率。<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">1<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">二、V/F控制<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">1、V/F控制概述<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">V/F控制，是控制磁通的方法，而这压频比可能预设在系统内，维持磁通在一定的水平，主要在变频器上应用，目的可以节约电机的耗能。<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;"><img alt="" src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL2ZpbGUuZWxlY2ZhbnMuY29tL3dlYjEvTTAwLzU4LzMzL280WUJBRnRXM3lpQU1qSjFBQUJRWkJ0U1p2bzQxMS5qcGc?x-oss-process=image/format,png" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; border: 0px; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; cursor: zoom-in;"/><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">2、V/F控制详解<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">V/F控制：如果电机电压一定而只降低频率，那么磁通就过大，磁回路饱和，严重时将烧毁电机。因此，频率与电压要成比例地改变，即改变频率的同时控制变频器输出电压，使电动机的磁通保持一定，避免弱磁和磁饱和现象的产生。V/f控制就是基于这种思想，保证输出电压跟频率成正比的控制这样可以使电动机的磁通保持一定，避免弱磁和磁饱和现象的产生。V/F控制一般多用于风机、泵类电机负载；<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">矢量控制与V/F控制比较：矢量控制简单说力矩更大，适用于重负荷的场合及低频要保证力矩的应用，缺点国产的变频品厂家没有几家能真正将此功能做好，虽然在说明书上都有这个矢量控制，但实际应用中体现不出来，或者是比较硬，不能跟据负载自动调整适用（如用在工业水洗机上，虽然采用矢量力矩会大些，但当负荷有变化时会出现一些电机磁饱和，及其它故障现场）。<p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;"><img src="/upload/article/20230924/1695544201899319.png" title="1695544201899319.png" alt="image.png"/><img src="/upload/article/20230924/1695544258194291.png" title="1695544258194291.png" alt="image.png"/><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 24px !important;">v/f控制目前市场使用还更普遍些，一般场合使用基本上可以采用厂家出厂默认的V/F参数，有些厂家有例出重载，轻载及不同负荷对应的参数设置方法。并且大部份变频器可以用户自定义V/F曲线来适用不同的场合使用，但设置相对有些麻烦，但有一定变频使用经验的人都会设置。

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矢量控制与V/F控制详解